Unit 7. Wordlist

more powerful, important, or noticeable than others

• One species became dominant after the climate change.
• English remains the dominant language in business.

to transfer data or files from the internet or another system

• About 100,000 users illegally downloaded episodes of the show.
• Have you downloaded the latest update yet?

a first or unfinished version of a text, plan, or document

• She completed a draft of her research proposal.
• Can you revise the draft before submission?

sudden, striking, or full of emotion and effect

• There was a dramatic fall in temperature overnight.
• Why did sales show such a dramatic increase?

a long period with very little or no rain affecting plants and animals

• The country suffered a severe drought last summer.
• Agricultural experts study how droughts affect food production.

the final or expected date when something must be completed or happens

• They extended the due date because of technical problems.
• What is the due date for this assignment?

the period of time during which something continues or exists

• Taking antibiotics will shorten the duration of the illness.
• What changes occurred throughout the duration of the study?

the way in which people or things interact and affect each other

• Social dynamics influence voting behavior in many countries.
• Market dynamics are working in the company’s favor.

a scientist who studies the relationships between living things and their environment

• Marine ecologists study fish populations in oceans.
• Who is the most famous ecologist in your country?

the system by which a country produces and uses goods and money

• Economies depend on both trade and technology.
• The national economy is growing slowly this year.

a community of living things and their environment working together as a system

• Pollution damages ocean ecosystems worldwide.
• How does climate change affect local ecosystems?

a tiny negatively charged particle that moves around an atom’s nucleus

• The atom loses one electron and becomes positively charged.
• Electrons are studied in physics and materials science experiments.

a pure chemical substance made of only one type of atom

• Oxygen is an essential element for human life.
• How many elements are listed in the periodic table?

to completely remove or get rid of something unwanted or unnecessary

• The new process eliminates unnecessary steps.
• Can this treatment eliminate the risk of infection?

the process of removing or getting rid of something unwanted or unnecessary

• Elimination of errors improved results.
• They discussed the elimination of outdated safety rules.

the act of releasing gas, light, heat, or radiation into the environment

• Emissions from power plants affect air quality.
• Environmental agencies monitor methane emissions from farms.

special attention or importance given to something

• Current government policy places emphasis on environmental sustainability.
• Why is there such strong emphasis on data accuracy?

to give special importance or attention to something

• He emphasized how little was known about the disease.
• Can you emphasize the main argument in your essay?

to experience or face something, especially a problem or difficulty

• Field teams encountered unexpected challenges during data collection.
• Have you ever encountered resistance to your proposals?

at serious risk of disappearing or becoming extinct

• Many endangered species need urgent protection.
• How can we save endangered wildlife?

to make sure that a law or rule is followed

• Governments must enforce environmental protection laws.
• Who is responsible for enforcing these safety standards?

the act of making people obey a law or rule

• Law enforcement requires cooperation between different agencies.
• If enforcement remains weak, rule violations will continue.

to officially join a course, program, or institution as a member or student

• You need to enroll before the end of August.
• She enrolled in two history courses during her second semester.

to make certain that something happens or is true

• If you want to ensure accuracy, perform regular checks on laboratory results.
• How can we ensure equal access to education?

something that exists as a single, independent unit or organization

• The university is an independent legal entity.
• The two companies will combine to form a new entity.