UNIT 26. Wordlist

suitable or right for a particular situation, purpose, or person

• Jeans are not appropriate for a formal graduation ceremony.
• Was it appropriate to mention personal details in that report?

used to show that something is almost, but not completely, exact or accurate

• The experiment will take approximately two hours.
• The distance between the two cities is approximately 300 kilometers.

in a way based on personal choice or chance, not on reason or system

• The values were arbitrarily chosen without clear scientific justification.
• Can we say the decision was made arbitrarily or with proper evidence?

based on personal choice or random decision, not on reason or rules

• The judge’s decision seemed arbitrary and lacked clear explanation.
• Was the grading system fair or completely arbitrary?

to express thoughts or ideas clearly in spoken or written language

• She articulated her position clearly during the debate.
• Students found their arguments hard to articulate under pressure.

an object made or used by humans, often of historical or cultural interest

• The museum displayed ancient artifacts from early human civilizations.
• Were the artifacts stored safely after the archaeological dig?

a particular part, feature, or way of thinking about something

• We must consider every aspect of the research before making conclusions.
• Which aspect of the problem do you find most difficult to explain?

to bring people or things together as a group

• The students assembled in the hall for the final presentation.
• The shelves are easy to assemble.

to state or claim something strongly and confidently as true or fact

• She confidently asserted that the results supported her main hypothesis.
• The author asserted his opinion confidently during the academic debate.

a strong promise or confidence that something will happen or is true

• His calm voice offered assurance during the difficult discussion.
• Can you give any assurance about the venture’s success?

to tell someone confidently that something is true or will happen

• She assured me that the work would be completed on time.
• Can you assure us the system will work correctly?

the general mood or feeling in a place or situation

• The meeting had a friendly and relaxed atmosphere.
• There was a tense atmosphere in the examination room.

to succeed in reaching or achieving something after effort

• He attained a high level of fluency in Spanish.
• How do you plan to attain your academic goals?

the action or process of achieving something

• The attainment of higher test scores was a result of intense preparation.
• The attainment of his ambitions was still a dream.

to say or believe that something is caused by someone or something

• She attributes her success to hard work and luck.
• Can we attribute these results to cultural differences?

the use of machines or technology to perform tasks without human control

• Automation has increased efficiency in modern manufacturing.
• Does automation threaten future employment opportunities?

the right or ability to make independent decisions or control your own work

• Students valued greater autonomy when choosing research topics.
• His role requires significant autonomy in daily decisions.

to calculate the mean value of a set of numbers

• How do we average results from different experiments?
• We averaged the scores from three separate tests.

the act of staying away from something or preventing it from happening

• Avoidance of bias is essential in academic research.
• Why is there such clear avoidance of this issue now?

to unfairly influence someone’s opinion, decision, or result in a particular direction

• Poor survey design might bias the participants’ responses.
• Personal beliefs sometimes bias scientists’ interpretations of results.

an unfair preference or tendency to support one side, group, or opinion more than others

• Analysts must avoid personal bias when interpreting data.
• What methods can reduce bias in experimental design?

showing unfair preference or influence toward one side, idea, or group

• The article was criticized for being biased toward a particular viewpoint.
• Do you think the news article was biased or objective?